I need a 2 paragraph review of the following information. I need it to just give positive feedback on the information provided. You can express interest of looking forward to seeing all of the information on Hati or how well the table of contents seems to tie in with the topic. TWO DETAILED PARAGRAPHS.

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary Page 2

1. Introduction Page 4

1. Literature Review Page 5

How did Haiti get here? Crises, years of international aid, and the implications

Where is Haiti now? Present day issues and the government’s role

How can Haiti move forward? Possible alternatives and potential solutions

1. Methodology

1. Analysis

Nonprofit Successes

Nonprofit Failures

Alternative Ideas

1. Conclusions

1. References Cited

1. Appendices

Executive Summary

Haiti is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere. The country’s 2019 United Nations Human Development Index ranking was determined to be 169th out of 189 countries. Other recent data indicated that around 55% of the population lives below the poverty line (<$2.41/day) and 23% live below extreme poverty line (<$1.23/day). Life expectancy hovers around 63 years on average, nearly two decades lower than some North American, European, and Asian countries and a ninth grade education is the average level of schooling that many Haitians receive. Haiti has experienced rapid currency depreciation (almost 30%), heightened levels of inflation (approximately 20%), and a reduction in GDP (projected at 0.5%) during fiscal year 2019. More than 90% of Haitians are vulnerable to being impacted by potential future hurricanes, earthquakes, and other natural disasters, with many having limited access to resources for prevention, protection, and recovery. (World Bank, 2019).

Along with its reputation of poverty, in a 2018 article, journalist Margot Patterson states that Haiti has been called the ‘Republic of NGOs’, noting that there are more nonprofit organizations per capita in Haiti than compared to any other country. Her article asserts that while the extreme poverty that the country faces can explain the presence of so many organizations, it should also lead to questions about their effectiveness. It is estimated that there are over 3,000 nonprofits in Haiti, though only several hundred appear to be registered with the government. There are mixed opinions as to the effectiveness of these organizations, particularly the ones that were established as a result of the 2010 earthquake that left between 250,000-300,000 Haitians dead and thousands of others displaced (Patterson, 2018).

In 2013, writer Peter Popham called Haiti, ‘the graveyard of hope’, while that same year, Time published a story that asserted ‘there’s good news too (Padgett, 2013).’ In a country that often lacks effective governance and oversight, data collection can be a challenge. While it is evident that a plethora of nonprofit organizations exist in Haiti, it is difficult to know the true effect, positive or otherwise, that they have had on the country, as well as how possible alternative approaches and partnerships could impact the state of the country and its people moving forward.

There are a number of factors that have caused Haiti to become a country that is heavily aid-dependent and seemingly stuck in a cycle of one step forward, two steps back. Political fallout from and subsequent ‘reparations payments’ made to France after Haitians led the largest and most successful slave rebellion to become the first free black republic in North America led to much of the country’s initial debt and struggles to maintain regular trade and economic partners. A number of other dynamics, such as long-term United States military occupation, the Duvalier dynasty, oversaturation of food aid, repeated natural disasters, and current day political turmoil, have only helped to maintain Haiti’s cycle of continued poverty. Yet despite an increase in nonprofits being created or introduced as a response to this poverty, there appears to be an inability to sustain any type of positive traction (Encyclopedia Britannica).

The factors that led Haiti to lack fiscal instability and inadequate healthcare, education, and sanitation systems are largely acknowledged and understood, but what seems to remain unknown are ways to implement long-term, successful change in connection to these issues. There are nonprofits in this country that have been and continue to make a positive impact on this place and its people. However, despite oversaturation within the sector and evidence of slight progress with some issues in certain regions, the situation in Haiti continues to remain dire in contrast with the level of aid and charity that has been and is being given.

Through a literature review, numerous interviews, and reflections of personal experiences, the intent of this research is to shed light on the reasons that the nonprofit sector has not been able to be as successful as critics believe it should be in helping to alleviate some of Haiti’s poverty, as well as provide thoughts about what can be done instead to help to uplift this country. While aspects of this research will highlight the thought that certain tweaks to mindset and operational practices within existing nonprofits could be enough to produce more sustained positive movement, other parts will introduce the notion that the nonprofit approach should be scrapped altogether to make room for new, more innovative ideas. In the end, there may be value in both philosophies. [I plan to add a bit more detail here about proposed ideas and solutions once data analysis is complete.]