Writing
1. Answer only ONE question from the following 3 questions.
2. It is an Explanatory / Expository essay, not a research paper. Therefore, there is no need for external
sources, references, and citations. (See the next pages for more information.)
3. Your answer must be in a short essay form, about 1000 words. Please do not exceed 1200 words.
4. Be explicit and explain the concept clearly.
5. Avoid general/irrelevant statements. Avoid flabby sentences. Do not employ general expressions such as
“the discovery of atomic particles had a profound influence on our understanding of nature”.
6. The thesis statement should be clear and explicit. The paper must be consistent with it. (Clarify your
argument: What do you want to say in this paper? What question you want to answer? etc.)
7. Your argument and the sequence of concepts/facts/conclusions should support the thesis statement. Try to
keep a logical track in your explanations: Start with a short but clear reference to the background of the
topic, then explain the topic as clear as you can, and finally, specify its importance/influence.
8. Do not use long or back-to-back quotations.
9. Type the essay in 12pt of Times New Roman, single space. Your essay MUST be only two pages. (It is
ideal to print double-sided, otherwise staple the pages.)
10. Put your name and course information on upper right corner of the first page.
Topics:
1. We discussed two ideas about the differences between science and technology: one by Skolimowski (in his
classical article: “The Structure of Thinking in Technology”) and the other by Mario Bunge (in Maarten
Franssen’s article “Philosophy of Technology”).
Explain Mario Bunge’s philosophy of the relationship between science and technology.
Explain the main arguments of Skolimowski and Bunge when they try to find the relationship between
science and technology.
How does Skolimowski connect the concept of “better” to Praxiology (or Praxeology)?
2. In the article “The Reign of the Farmer,” McClellan and Dorn explain that: “after a few thousand years of
the Neolithic in the Near East, mixed economies that combined the technologies of horticulture and animal
husbandry made their appearance.”
Explain in detail why this mixed economy was so vital in food production, appearance of new
technologies and the emergence of civilizations.
What were the social, technological, scientific and cultural results of this economy?
3. Read Lindberg’s chapter “Science before the Greeks”(https://books.google.com/books?id=dPUBAkIm2lUC&lpg…) and explain in detail the characteristic features of the
pre-historic oral culture. Concentrate on the pre-historic explanation of natural phenomena, the universe, origin
of the world, and the practice of medicine.
MORE detail in DIscussion Paper 1.pdf
1. Answer only ONE question from the following 3 questions.
2. It is an Explanatory / Expository essay, not a research paper. Therefore, there is no need for external sources, references, and citations. (See the next pages for more information.)
3. Your answer must be in a short essay form, about 1000 words. Please do not exceed 1200 words.
4. Be explicit and explain the concept clearly.
5. Avoid general/irrelevant statements. Avoid flabby sentences. Do not employ general expressions such as “the discovery of atomic particles had a profound influence on our understanding of nature”.
6. The thesis statement should be clear and explicit. The paper must be consistent with it. (Clarify your argument: What do you want to say in this paper? What question you want to answer? etc.)
7. Your argument and the sequence of concepts/facts/conclusions should support the thesis statement. Try to keep a logical track in your explanations: Start with a short but clear reference to the background of the topic, then explain the topic as clear as you can, and finally, specify its importance/influence.
8. Do not use long or back-to-back quotations.
9. Type the essay in 12pt of Times New Roman, single space. Your essay MUST be only two pages. (It is ideal to print double-sided, otherwise staple the pages.)
10. Put your name and course information on upper right corner of the first page.
Topics: 1. We discussed two ideas about the differences between science and technology: one by Skolimowski (in his classical article: “The Structure of Thinking in Technology”) and the other by Mario Bunge (in Maarten Franssen’s article “Philosophy of Technology”). Explain Mario Bunge’s philosophy of the relationship between science and technology. Explain the main arguments of Skolimowski and Bunge when they try to find the relationship between science and technology. How does Skolimowski connect the concept of “better” to Praxiology (or Praxeology)?
2. In the article “The Reign of the Farmer,” McClellan and Dorn explain that: “after a few thousand years of the Neolithic in the Near East, mixed economies that combined the technologies of horticulture and animal husbandry made their appearance.” Explain in detail why this mixed economy was so vital in food production, appearance of new technologies and the emergence of civilizations. What were the social, technological, scientific and cultural results of this economy?
3. Read Lindberg’s chapter “Science before the Greeks”(https://books.google.com/books?id=dPUBAkIm2lUC&lpg…) and explain in detail the characteristic features of the pre-historic oral culture. Concentrate on the pre-historic explanation of natural phenomena, the universe, origin of the world, and the practice of medicine.
MORE detail in DIscussion Paper 1.pdf
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